Food Packaging Waste: Strategies for Reduction and Recycling

Author : Kavitha L, Chidanand D V*, N. Baskaran, S. Vignesh
Mail Id : chidanand@iifpt.edu.in

Abstract

Packaging waste is a significant contributor to global waste levels, accounting for roughly half of the total waste generated worldwide. This waste includes various materials like cardboard, plastic, metal, glass, and foam, which serve important functions in protecting products and providing information to consumers. However, these materials are often discarded after a relatively short period of use, leading to environmental pollution and long-term persistence. Food packaging, particularly disposable items such as cups, lids, straws, utensils, takeout containers, and bags, pose a major challenge. They not only contribute to packaging waste but also end up as litter, polluting marine environments and harming ecosystems. To address this issue, focusing on improving the recycling process, is crucial. By adopting sustainable packaging alternatives and optimizing recycling processes, we can significantly reduce packaging waste and promote a more responsible and sustainable approach to food packaging.

Keywords

Circular waste disposal recycling process aluminium glass Food packaging industries

References

1. Al-Salem, S. M., Lettieri, P., & Baeyens, J. (2009). Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review. Waste Management, 29(10), 2625–2643.


2. Allwood, J. M. (2014). Squaring the circular economy: the role of recycling within a hierarchy of material management strategies. In Handbook of recycling (pp. 445–477). Elsevier.


3. Angeli, F., Jollivet, P., Charpentier, T., Fournier, M., & Gin, S. (2016). Structure and chemical durability of lead crystal glass. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(21), 11549–11558.


4. Archer, F. C., & Hodgson, I. H. (1987). Total and extractable trace element contents of soils in England and Wales. Journal of Soil Science, 38(3), 421–431.


5. Arvanitoyannis, I. S., & Bosnea, L. A. (2001). Recycling of polymeric materials used for food packaging: current status and perspectives. Food Reviews International, 17(3), 291–346.


6. Augustin, M. A., & Cole, M. B. (2022). Towards a sustainable food system by design using faba bean protein as an example. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 125(April), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.029


7. Baeyens, J., Brems, A., & Dewil, R. (2010a). Recovery and recycling of post-consumer waste materials. Part 1. Generalities and target wastes (paper, cardboard and aluminium cans). International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 3(3), 148–158.


8. Baeyens, J., Brems, A., & Dewil, R. (2010b). Recovery and recycling of post-consumer waste materials. Part 2. Target wastes (glass beverage bottles, plastics, scrap metal and steel cans, end-of-life tyres, batteries and household hazardous waste). International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 3(4), 232–245.


9. Baldwin, E. A., Nisperos‐Carriedo, M. O., & Baker, R. A. (1995). Use of edible coatings to preserve quality of lightly (and slightly) processed products. Critical Reviews in Food Science & Nutrition, 35(6), 509–524.


10. Buffington, J. (2012). The beverage can in the United States: achieving a 100% recycled aluminum can through supply chain innovation. JOM, 64(8), 923–932.


11. Campbell, A. J. (1994). The recycling, reuse and disposal of food packaging materials: a UK perspective. Food Packaging and Preservation, 210–221.


12. Cederberg, D. L., Christiansen, M., Ekroth, S., Engman, J., Fabech, B., Guðjónsdóttir, K., Håland, J. T., Jónsdóttir, I., Kostaomo, P., & Legind, C. (2015). Food contact materials-metals and alloys: Nordic guidance for authorities, industry and trade (Vol. 2015522). Nordic Council of Ministers.


13. Ceola, S., Favaro, N., & Daneo, A. (2016). Glass cullet: impact of color sorting on glass redox state. 76 Th Conference on Glass Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 57–67.


14. Conte, F., Dinkel, F., Kägi, T., & Heim, T. (2014). Permanent materials. Carbotech Final Report.


15. Das, S. K. (2006). Emerging trends in aluminum recycling: Reasons and responses. Light Metals, 4, 911–916.


16. Efsa, G. (2008). Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed: the role of animal feeding trials. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 46, S2.


17. ERPC. (2016). Paper Recycling – Monitoring Report 2015, Final Report of the 2011- 2015 Period. http://www.cepi.org/system/files/public/documents/publications/recycling/2016/FinalMonitoringReport2015.pdf


18. Firth, N. (2016). Aluminium is playing its part. Aluminium International Today, 38.


19. Gerber, J. (2006). Global aluminium recycling: a cornerstone of sustainable development. International Aluminium Institute.


20. Geueke, B., Groh, K., & Muncke, J. (2018). Food packaging in the circular economy: Overview of chemical safety aspects for commonly used materials. Journal of Cleaner Production, 193, 491–505.


21. Ghisellini, P., Cialani, C., & Ulgiati, S. (2016). A review on circular economy: the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 114, 11–32.


22. Grigore, M. E. (2017). Methods of recycling, properties and applications of recycled thermoplastic polymers. Recycling, 2(4), 24.


23. Grosso, M., Niero, M., & Rigamonti, L. (2017). Circular economy, permanent materials and limitations to recycling: Where do we stand and what is the way forward? Waste Management and Research, 35(8), 793–794.


24. Guilbert, S., Gontard, N., & Gorris, L. G. M. (1996). Prolongation of the shelf-life of perishable food products using biodegradable films and coatings. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 29(1–2), 10–17.


25. Hough, R. L. (2010). Copper and lead. Trace Elements in Soils, 441–460.


26. Kassouf, A., Chebib, H., Lebbos, N., & Ouaini, R. (2013). Migration of iron, lead, cadmium and tin from tinplate-coated cans into chickpeas. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 30(11), 1987–1992.


27. Krochta, J. M., & Mulder-Johnston, D. E. (1997). Edible and biodegradable polymer films: challenges and opportunities. Food Technology (USA).


28. Li, N., & Qiu, K. (2013). Study on delacquer used beverage cans by vacuum pyrolysis for recycle. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(20), 11734–11738.


29. Løvik, A. N., Modaresi, R., & Müller, D. B. (2014). Long-term strategies for increased recycling of automotive aluminum and its alloying elements. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(8), 4257–4265.


30. Mahesh Kumar, G., Irshad, A., Raghunath, B. V, & Rajarajan, G. (2016). Waste management in food packaging industry. Integrated Waste Management in India: Status and Future Prospects for Environmental Sustainability, 265–277.


31. Marsh, K. S. (2016). Polymer and Plastic Packaging.


32. Martens, H., & Goldmann, D. (2016). Recyclingtechnik. Springer.


33. Merrington, A. (2017). Recycling of plastics. In Applied plastics engineering handbook (pp. 167–189). Elsevier.


34. Morawski, C. (2009). Evaluating End-of-Life Beverage Container Management Systems for California R3.


35. Müller-Simon, H. (2010). Comment on: Bottled drinking water:‘Water contamination from bottle materials (glass, hard PET, soft PET), the influence of colour and acidification’by C. Reimann, M. Birke, P. Filzmoser. Applied Geochemistry, 25(9), 1461–1463.


36. Nakajima, K., Takeda, O., Miki, T., Matsubae, K., Nakamura, S., & Nagasaka, T. (2010). Thermodynamic analysis of contamination by alloying elements in aluminum recycling. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(14), 5594–5600.


37. Narancic, T., & O’Connor, K. E. (2019). Plastic waste as a global challenge: are biodegradable plastics the answer to the plastic waste problem? Microbiology, 165(2), 129–137.


38. Ncube, L. K., Ude, A. U., Ogunmuyiwa, E. N., Zulkifli, R., & Beas, I. N. (2021). An overview of plastic waste generation and management in food packaging industries. Recycling, 6(1), 12.


39. Niero, M., & Olsen, S. I. (2016). Circular economy: To be or not to be in a closed product loop? A Life Cycle Assessment of aluminium cans with inclusion of alloying elements. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 114, 18–31.


40. Onusseit, H. (2006). The influence of adhesives on recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 46(2), 168–181.


41. PELTZER, M. A., BELDI, G., JAKUBOWSKA, N., & SIMONEAU, C. (2015). Scoping investigations on the release of metals from crystalware (in support of the revision of the Ceramics Directive 84/500/EEC).


42. Petropoulos, G., Raptopoulou, K. G., Pasias, I. N., Thomaidis, N. S., & Proestos, C. (2018). Chemometric determination of the shelf life of opened cans using the migration of specific metals as quality indicators. Food Chemistry, 267, 313–318.


43. Pivnenko, K., Eriksen, M. K., Martín-Fernández, J. A., Eriksson, E., & Astrup, T. F. (2016). Recycling of plastic waste: presence of phthalates in plastics from households and industry. Waste Management, 54, 44–52.


44. Ragaert, K., Delva, L., & Van Geem, K. (2017). Mechanical and chemical recycling of solid plastic waste. Waste Management, 69, 24–58.


45. Ross, C. P. (2011). HEAVY METAL ISSUES- IN AND OUT OF GLASS. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 32, 53–59.


46. Sardon, H., & Dove, A. P. (2018). Plastics recycling with a difference. Science, 360(6387), 380–381.


47. Shotyk, W., & Krachler, M. (2007). Lead in bottled waters: contamination from glass and comparison with pristine groundwater. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(10), 3508–3513.


48. Singh, N., Hui, D., Singh, R., Ahuja, I. P. S., Feo, L., & Fraternali, F. (2017). Recycling of plastic solid waste: A state of art review and future applications. Composites Part B: Engineering, 115, 409–422.


49. Stahel, W. R. (2016). The circular economy, Nature News, volume 531, Issue 7595, p: 435.


50. Stötzel, E. (1997). Cullet for flat glass. Glass Technology, 38(6), 185–188.


51. Thiounn, T., & Smith, R. C. (2020). Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste. Journal of Polymer Science, 58(10), 1347–1364.


52. Tsakiridis, P. E. (2012). Aluminium salt slag characterization and utilization–A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 217, 1–10.


53. Veríssimo, M. I. S., & Gomes, M. T. S. R. (2008). Aluminium migration into beverages: Are dented cans safe? Science of the Total Environment, 405(1–3), 385–388.


54. Waite, R. (2013). Household waste recycling. Routledge.


55. Wang, M., Woo, K.-D., Kim, D.-K., & Ma, L. (2007). Study on de-coating used beverage cans with thick sulfuric acid for recycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 48(3), 819–825.

Acknowledgments

Not announced

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Kavitha L, Chidanand D V*, N. Baskaran, S. Vignesh

National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Management – Thanjavur, Thanjavur – 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India.

*Corresponding author

Correspondence to  chidanand@iifpt.edu.in

Editor Information

Editors and Affiliations

Department of Academics and Human Resource Development

National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T)

(An Institute of National Importance)

Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Govt. of India

Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. Pin Code – 613005

Dr. S. Vignesh

Dr. N. Baskaran

Dr. V. Eyarkai Nambi

Dr. M. Loganathan

Rights and permissions

To request permission, please contact Skyfox Publishing Group

Copyright Information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Skyfox Publishing Group

About this Chapter

Kavitha, L., Chidanand, D. V., Baskaran, N., & Vignesh, S. (2023). Prospective Research and Technological Advancements in Food and Health Sciences. In S. Vignesh, Baskaran, N., Nambi, V., Loganthan, M (Ed.), Food Packaging Waste: Strategies for Reduction and Recycling: Skyfox Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.22573/spg.023.978-93-90357-07-9/12

Published Date

14 June 2023